Chankillo and its 13 towers
The oldest solar calendar in America

Chankillo is world-renowned for its exceptional solar observatory, which consists of 13 towers aligned on a hill. These structures, dating from around 400 BC, were used as a sophisticated calendar to mark solstices and equinoxes with great precision. By observing sunrises and sunsets from specific points on the site, ancient astronomers could determine the exact day of the year.

The importance of the site:

• A solar calendar: The 13 towers formed an artificial horizon. The sunrise behind the leftmost tower indicated the summer solstice and, behind the rightmost one, the winter solstice.
• UNESCO World Heritage: Due to its unique importance in the history of astronomy, Chankillo has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognizing its outstanding universal value.

It is a fascinating example of the knowledge of pre-Columbian civilizations in astronomy and their ability to build complex monuments to observe the sky.

Beyond its astronomical role, Chankillo was also a powerful fortified temple. The entire complex is a citadel composed of multiple concentric enclosure walls and narrow passages. This defensive architecture, combined with its strategic location on a hill, suggests that it served both as a ceremonial center and a protective place for the ruling elite of the time.

Temple characteristics:

• Imposing walls: The complex is surrounded by several thick walls, designed for defensive functions.
• Complex architecture: The internal structures reveal meticulous planning, with staircases, courtyards, and rooms that testify to an elaborate social organization.
• Panoramic view: From the top of the temple, you can admire a breathtaking view of the Casma Valley and the surrounding desert.

To make the most of your exploration of this unique site, here is some essential practical information:

• How to get there: The Chankillo site is more remote than Cerro Sechín, but it remains accessible by taxi from Casma (about 30 minutes by road). Most visitors opt for a taxi or organized tour, which is the most convenient option.
• Ticket prices: Rates may vary. Since online information is not always up to date, it is advisable to check the entrance fee directly on site or with local travel agencies in Casma.
• Visit duration: Allow about 2 to 3 hours to explore the temple and observatory. Remember that you need to walk to reach the observation points, so plan for comfortable shoes.

Don't forget to bring water, sunscreen, and a hat, as the sun can be intense on this open and exposed site.