Perou Decouverte
Perou Decouverte
Peru offers a natural diversity rarely found in the world. From the snow-capped peaks of the Andes to the vastness of the Amazon, passing through the arid stretches of the coast, it is home to a multitude of ecosystems where thousands of animal and plant species thrive. This unique natural heritage deserves to be discovered with respect and an awareness of the challenges of its preservation.
Through this page, explore the main ecosystems, iconic wildlife, and possible actions to help protect Peruvian biodiversity during your trip.
This immense mountain range crosses the country from north to south. It is home to glaciers, fertile valleys, high plateaus (puna), and majestic lakes like Lake Titicaca. Biodiversity is marked by species adapted to extreme conditions, such as the vicuña and the condor.
Peru hosts one of the largest portions of the Amazon rainforest, a true reservoir of global biodiversity. It teems with unique animal and plant species and is a refuge for many indigenous communities living in harmony with nature.
This arid strip along the Pacific Ocean offers surprising landscapes: dunes, oases, mangroves, and wetlands like those of Paracas, which are essential for migratory birds. Life here is adapted to often extreme conditions.
A symbol of the Andean heights, the condor is one of the largest flying birds in the world. It embodies freedom and features in many legends of the Andean peoples.
These iconic Andean camelids play an essential role in local cultures. The vicuña, more wild, is famous for the fineness of its wool, once reserved for Inca royalty.
Discreet and majestic, the jaguar is a key predator of Amazonian ecosystems. Its presence indicates a healthy forest.
This fascinating cetacean lives in the freshwater of the Amazon. Surrounded by many myths, it is a source of pride for river communities.
Explore our complete guide to Peru's animals: emblematic species, observation tips and information about the country's unique biodiversity.
Explore Peru's Wildlife →Called the "queen of the Andes", this giant plant can reach over 10 meters in height. It grows in the highest areas of the Andes and blooms only once in its lifetime.
Typical of Amazonian wetlands, this palm is nicknamed the "tree of life" by local communities. Its fruit is rich in vitamins and contributes to village economies.
In desert regions, there is a wide variety of cacti adapted to extreme dryness. Some, like the San Pedro cactus, are linked to ancestral traditions.
Peru has more than 70 protected natural areas, covering about 17% of its territory. These spaces play an essential role in conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystems.
Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, this park is one of the richest in biodiversity in the world. It is home to an incredible variety of birds, mammals, amphibians, and plants.
Located in the Cordillera Blanca, this park protects the highest tropical peaks on the planet and unique Andean flora, including the famous puya raimondii.
Known as the "flooded forest", this Amazonian reserve is a true sanctuary for aquatic wildlife: pink dolphins, caimans, freshwater turtles, and countless fish.
Located on the desert coast, this reserve protects marine areas and arid lands essential for migratory birds, sea lions, and dolphins.
This Amazonian reserve, managed with local communities, is an example of successful co-management for the preservation of forests and iconic species such as the jaguar.
On the border with Bolivia, this park protects a mosaic of habitats: savannas, rainforests, and wetlands, home to rich wildlife including the tapir and the maned wolf.
Located in the Amazonian foothills, this park is famous for its "Cueva de las Lechuzas" (owl cave) and its impressive karst landscapes. It is home to many species of birds, bats, and endemic plants.
(Sources: SERNANP 2024, BirdLife International 2023, MINAM Peru)
Peru's biodiversity, although remarkable, is now weakened by several factors. Deforestation linked to illegal agriculture and mining particularly threatens the Amazon forests.
Climate change affects Andean glaciers and sensitive ecosystems such as coastal wetlands. Soil, river, and air pollution also contribute to the degradation of natural habitats.
Finally, poorly managed tourist pressure in some fragile areas can increase erosion of natural environments and disturb wildlife.
Everyone can contribute to preserving Peru’s biodiversity during their stay. Here are some simple actions:
Your behavior matters: it helps preserve Peru’s natural treasures for future generations.
Some areas require an accredited guide or a permit. It is best to check in advance and use responsible operators.
The dry season (May to October) makes access to parks easier and allows for better wildlife sightings, especially in the jungle.
Yes, for your safety and to avoid harming ecosystems, it is strongly recommended to be accompanied by a local guide who knows the area well.
From the majestic Huascarán National Park to the secret reserves of the Amazon, dive into the heart of Peru's natural treasures and exceptional biodiversity.
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