Ica
Desert, Vineyards, and Huacachina Oasis | Complete Guide

Official Name

Ica

Nickname

“Land of the Eternal Sun” (for its sunny climate almost all year round) or “Capital of Peruvian Wine.”

Department/Region

Ica Department (southwest of Peru).

Geographical Location

Located in an oasis in the heart of the Peruvian coastal desert, about 300 km south of Lima.

Population

Approximately 250,000 inhabitants (city of Ica).

Official Language

Spanish.

Currency

Peruvian Sol (PEN).

Climate

Desert-like, hot, and dry. Average temperatures: 15°C at night, 27°C during the day. Rare rainfall.

Best Time to Visit

From April to November (avoids winter mists and intense summer heat).

Economy

• Agriculture (vineyards, cotton, asparagus).
• Production of wine and pisco (grape brandy).
• Tourism (oases, archaeological sites, mysteries of the Nazca Lines).

Local Specialties

• Pisco and Ica wine (celebrated during the Grape Harvest Festival in March).
• Tejas (sweets made from nuts, candied fruits, and caramel).
• Carapulcra (stew made with dried potatoes and meat).

Nearby Points of Interest

• The Huacachina Oasis (sand dunes, adventure sports).
• The Nazca Lines (mysterious geoglyphs, UNESCO World Heritage Site).
• The Regional Museum of Ica (pre-Columbian mummies, Paracas pottery).
• Paracas (natural reserve and Ballestas Islands, nicknamed the “Peruvian Galápagos”).

In Brief

Ica is a unique destination blending nature, history, and gastronomy. Between desert, vineyards, and archaeological mysteries, it embodies the richness of Peru's coastal heritage.

History

1. Pre-Columbian Era

• The Ica region was inhabited by ancient civilizations such as the Paracas (known for their sophisticated textiles and mummies) and the Nazca (famous for their mysterious geoglyphs, the Nazca Lines).
• The Paracas (around 800 BC – 200 AD) practiced skull deformation and trepanation, demonstrating advanced medical knowledge.
• The Nazca (100 BC – 800 AD) developed an underground aqueduct system (puquios) to irrigate arid lands.

2. Colonial Period

• The Spanish founded the city of Ica in 1563 under the name Villa de Valverde.
• The region became a wine-producing center thanks to the introduction of vines by the colonists, giving rise to the production of wine and pisco, now emblematic of Peru.

3. Modern Era

• Ica played a key role during Peru's independence (1821). General José de San Martín prepared military strategies here.
• In 2007, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake devastated the city, leading to partial reconstruction and heritage preservation efforts.

Culture

1. Traditions and Festivals

• Grape Harvest Festival (March): Celebration of the grape harvest with parades, dances, wine and pisco tastings, and the election of the Wine Queen.
• Señor de Luren (October): Religious procession in honor of Ica's patron saint, attracting thousands of pilgrims.
• Fiesta de la Cruz de Motupe: Fusion of Catholic rites and Andean traditions.

2. Gastronomy

• Mixed heritage (Spanish, African, and Andean influences).
• Iconic dishes: carapulcra (stew with dried potatoes), sopa seca (noodles with chicken and spices), and tejas (sweet treats).
• Pisco: National symbol, produced in local vineyards like Tacama or Bodega Vista Alegre.

3. Crafts and Heritage

• Nazca Pottery: Polychrome vases depicting mythical animals.
• Paracas Textiles: Weavings with complex patterns and vibrant colors, displayed at the Regional Museum of Ica.
• Mystery of the Nazca Lines: UNESCO World Heritage Site, subject of archaeological and esoteric theories.

4. Popular Beliefs

• Brujería (witchcraft): Ancestral shamanic practices still present, especially around healing or protection rituals.
• Local legends: Such as the Lagoon of Huacachina, said to have been created by a princess mourning the loss of her love.

In Summary

Ica is a historical crossroads where archaeological mysteries, wine traditions, and cultural syncretism intertwine. Its identity, shaped by pre-Columbian civilizations and colonial heritage, makes it a fascinating destination for lovers of Peruvian history and culture.

Must-See Sites

1. The Huacachina Oasis

• Description: A lagoon surrounded by palm trees and giant sand dunes, a true mirage in the desert.
• Activities:
  • Sandboarding (sliding down the dunes on a board).
  • Dune buggy rides (guaranteed adrenaline at sunset).
  • Boat rides on the lagoon.

  📍 Want to know everything before visiting Huacachina?

  Complete Guide to Huacachina →

  History, access and practical advice all on one page.

2. The Nazca Lines (2 hours from Ica)

• Archaeological Mystery: Giant geoglyphs (hummingbird, monkey, astronaut, etc.) drawn 2,000 years ago, visible from a small plane.
• Tip: Book a flight early in the morning to avoid turbulence.

3. Paracas National Reserve (1.5 hours from Ica)

• Landscapes: Desert, ochre cliffs, and turquoise sea.
• Ballestas Islands: Nicknamed the "Peruvian Galápagos" (sea lions, penguins, seabirds).
• The Paracas Candelabra: An enigmatic geoglyph visible from the sea.

4. Adolfo Bermúdez Jenkins Regional Museum (Regional Museum of Ica)

• Collections: Pre-Columbian mummies, trepanned skulls, Paracas textiles, Nazca pottery.
• Highlight: The Peruvian Rosetta Stone, engraved with unique symbols.

5. Vineyards and Wineries

• Wine Heritage: The region is home to historic vineyards, some of the oldest in South America. These estates preserve artisanal production methods, combining ancestral know-how and modern innovations.
• Tours and Tastings: Many wineries offer guided tours of their cellars, demonstrations of the production process (winemaking, pisco distillation), and commented tastings.
• Cultural Experience: Wine tourism allows visitors to discover the colonial heritage of the estates, with their iconic architecture (adobe walls, century-old patios) and vineyards cultivated in desert terroir.
• Flagship Products: Red and white wines, as well as pisco (grape brandy), often paired with local dishes during combined tastings.

Tip: Opt for morning visits to avoid the intense heat and enjoy detailed explanations from winemakers.

6. Cachiche

• Witchcraft Village: Known for its legends of brujería (witchcraft) and traditional healers.
• Seven-Headed Tree: A mystical fig tree associated with shamanic rituals.

7. Museum of Engraved Stones of Ica

• Curiosities: Engraved stones depicting enigmatic scenes (dinosaurs, advanced surgeries).
• Theories: Controversial objects, often linked to pseudo-archaeological narratives.

8. Ocucaje Desert: Canyon de los Perdidos and Fossil Dunes

• Lunar Landscapes:
  • Canyon de los Perdidos: Eroded rock formations, similar to the Grand Canyon, offering a spectacular and isolated setting.
  • Ocucaje Dunes: Vast stretches of sand housing prehistoric marine fossils (whales, sharks, shells).
• Experience:
  • Guided Excursions: By 4x4 or on foot, to explore both the canyon and the dunes.
  • Paleontology: Discover fossilized remains with explanations about the region's geological history.
  • Adventure: Walks in the dunes, observation of desert landscapes, and photo stops at unique spots.
• Tips:
  • Duration: A full day is recommended to fully enjoy the experience.
  • Equipment: Sunscreen, hat, water, and comfortable walking shoes.
  • Access: Organized tours from Ica or Huacachina, often combined with other desert sites.

The Ocucaje Desert, with its Canyon de los Perdidos and Fossil Dunes, offers a unique immersion into a landscape that is both grand and mysterious. This excursion combines adventure, natural history, and discovery for a memorable day in the heart of the Peruvian desert.

9. Morón Lagoon

• Secondary Oasis: Less touristy than Huacachina, ideal for a peaceful stroll.
• Birdwatching: Flamingos, herons, and wild ducks.

10. Luren Church

• Religious Heritage: Sanctuary dedicated to Señor de Luren, the patron saint of Ica.
• Architecture: Neoclassical style with Baroque elements.

Practical Tips

• Best Time: April to November (dry and mild climate).
• Transportation:
  • From Lima: 4 hours by bus (companies like Cruz del Sur).
  • To Nazca: Take a bus or organized tour.
• What to Bring: Sunscreen, hat, water, and a light jacket for cool evenings.

In Brief

Between desert, oasis, and ancestral heritage, Ica offers a multisensory adventure. Whether you're a history buff, adrenaline seeker, or foodie, this region will surprise you with its contrasts and magic!

Culinary Specialties Not to Miss

• Carapulcra: A comforting stew made with dried potatoes, meat (pork or chicken), peanuts, and spices.
• Sopa seca: A unique Creole-inspired dish combining noodles, chicken, eggs, and olives, cooked in a spicy sauce.
• Pescado a la chorrillana: Fresh fish (often sea bass) cooked with onions, tomatoes, and white wine, typical of coastal areas.
• Tejas and chocotejas: Traditional sweets made with candied fruits (nuts, mango) coated in caramel or chocolate.
• Pisco: To be enjoyed in cocktails (pisco sour) or neat, paired with local dishes.

Where to Enjoy Local Cuisine

1. Traditional Restaurants

• Choose family-run establishments offering menús del día (affordable set lunches), often served with a starter, main course, and drink.
• Look for places specializing in regional dishes (indicated by signs or handwritten menus).

2. Markets and Street Stalls

• The central market is a must-visit for authentic dishes in a lively atmosphere. Try anticuchos (beef heart skewers) or empanadas (stuffed pastries).
• Stalls offering fresh fruit juices (like lúcuma or guanábana) are perfect for a refreshing break.

3. Gastronomic Experiences in Vineyards

• Some wineries offer combined tastings (wine, pisco, and regional dishes) in a rustic setting surrounded by vineyards.

4. Vegetarian/Vegan Options

• More and more places are adapting their menus to include vegetarian versions of traditional dishes, such as vegetarian carapulcra made with vegetables.

Tips for Choosing Well

• Meal Times: Peruvians usually have lunch between 1 PM and 3 PM and dinner around 8 PM to 10 PM. Local restaurants are often bustling during these hours.
• Hygiene: Opt for places frequented by locals to ensure the freshness of the ingredients.
• Budget: Expect to pay between 10 and 30 soles for a full meal at a traditional restaurant, depending on the establishment.

Varied Atmospheres

• Typical Setting: For total immersion, choose a restaurant decorated with artisanal items (Nazca pottery, Paracas textiles).
• Romantic Dinner: Some establishments offer terraces with views of the dunes or vineyards, ideal for sunset dining.
• Street Food: Perfect for a quick and affordable snack, especially around central squares.

In Summary

Ica is a paradise for food lovers, where every meal tells the story of a mixed heritage. Between ancestral flavors, modern creations, and the iconic pisco, the local gastronomy will satisfy every palate.

Types of Accommodation

1. Traditional Hotels and Inns

• Ideal for travelers seeking comfort and authenticity. These establishments, often decorated with motifs inspired by Paracas or Nazca cultures, offer spacious rooms with local touches (wood, ceramics).
• Some include swimming pools to cool off after a day in the desert.

2. Ecolodges and Unique Stays

• For a nature immersion, opt for cabins or lodges on the edge of the desert or near the Huacachina oasis. Some offer nights under the stars or equipped tents.
• Choose structures committed to sustainable tourism (solar energy, waste management).

3. Hostels and Budget Accommodations

• Perfect for backpackers or those on a tight budget. These friendly places offer dormitories and common areas to meet other travelers.
• Some organize excursions (sandboarding, vineyard tours).

4. Guesthouses and Colonial Haciendas

• Experience an intimate stay in historic homes, often surrounded by gardens or vineyards. These accommodations sometimes include homemade breakfasts with regional products.

Recommended Neighborhoods

• Downtown Ica: Convenient for accessing museums, restaurants, and markets. Ideal for short stays.
• Huacachina: For lovers of spectacular landscapes and adventure sports. Accommodations here often offer direct views of the dunes.
• Vineyard Surroundings: For those who want to combine wine tourism with tranquility, away from the urban hustle.

Booking Tips

• High Season (April to November): Book in advance, especially for accommodations near Huacachina.
• Included Services: Check if breakfast, transfers, or activities (like sandboarding) are included.
• Transportation: Choose places with secure parking if traveling by car or near bus stops for trips to Nazca/Paracas.

Average Budget (per night)

• Budget: 50-100 soles (hostels, simple rooms).
• Mid-Range: 100-250 soles (3-star hotels, guesthouses).
• Luxury: 250-500 soles (premium ecolodges, haciendas with pools).

Unique Experiences

Luxury Glamping in the Dunes

• Comfort in the Desert: Tents equipped with comfortable beds, quality linens, and sometimes even private bathrooms.
• View of the Milky Way: Enjoy an exceptional starry sky, far from light pollution.
• Candlelit Dinner: Gourmet meals served in the desert, often accompanied by local wines.
• Activities: Nighttime walks in the dunes, stargazing with specialized guides.

Tips:

• Reservation: Book in advance, especially during high season (April to October).
• Equipment: Bring warm clothes for the night (temperatures can drop significantly).
• Experience: Ideal for couples or travelers seeking a romantic and immersive getaway.

Glamping in the dunes of Ica offers a unique experience, combining adventure and comfort. Between nights under the stars and gourmet dinners, it's an unforgettable way to discover the magic of the Peruvian desert.

• Stay in a Vineyard Hacienda: Pisco tasting included, amidst century-old vineyards.
• Rooms with Oasis Views: Wake up facing the mirror of water at Huacachina, surrounded by palm trees.

In Brief

Whether you're seeking adventure, luxury, or authenticity, Ica offers accommodations to suit all travel styles. The key is to choose based on your planned activities and your desire to immerse yourself in the region's iconic landscapes.

Before Departure

• Best time to visit: April to November (dry season, pleasant temperatures). Avoid December to March (intense heat and coastal fog).
• Visa: No visa required for tourist stays under 90 days (for most nationalities).
• Vaccines: None mandatory, but recommended: Hepatitis A, typhoid, and DTP booster.
• Currency: Withdraw soles (PEN) before arrival or at ATMs in the city center. Cards are accepted in hotels and tourist restaurants, but carry cash for markets.

Transportation

1. From Lima

• Bus: Approximately 4 hours (comfortable buses with Wi-Fi and air conditioning). Frequent departures from Lima's terminal.
• Car rental: Ideal for exploring the region at your own pace (be cautious of poorly marked desert roads).

2. On-site

• Taxis: Negotiate the price before getting in. Prefer official taxis (identifiable by a logo).
• Mototaxis: Affordable for short trips in the city (3-10 soles).
• Organized tours: Choose certified agencies (check reviews and licenses) for Nazca lines, Paracas, or Huacachina tours.

Health and Safety

• Sun and desert:
  • SPF 50+ sunscreen, UV sunglasses, wide-brimmed hat.
  • Stay hydrated (sealed bottled water).
• Food:
  • Avoid ice cubes and tap water.
  • Prefer street stalls frequented by locals (a sign of freshness).
• Safety:
  • Ica is generally safe, but keep an eye on your belongings in markets and buses.
  • Avoid isolated areas at night.

Budget and Savings

• Average daily budget:
  • Budget: 100-150 soles (hostel, street food, bus).
  • Comfort: 200-350 soles (mid-range hotel, restaurants, activities).
  • Luxury: 400+ soles (premium hotels, private tours).
• Tips:
  • Politely bargain in artisan markets (except in fixed-price shops).
  • Opt for menús del día (complete lunches for 10-20 soles).

Culture and Ethics

• Respect for sites:
  • Do not touch the geoglyphs (Nazca lines) or artifacts in museums.
  • Ask for permission before photographing locals, especially in rural communities.
• Tipping:
  • Restaurants: 10% if service is not included.
  • Guides/drivers: 10-20 soles per day.

Packing Essentials

• Clothing:
  • Breathable T-shirts, light pants, jacket for cool evenings.
  • Closed-toe shoes for sandboarding and hiking.
• Equipment:
  • Waterproof bag to protect cameras from sand.
  • Portable charger (few outlets during excursions).
  • Headlamp for nights in the desert.

Unusual Tips

• Nazca lines flight:
  • Take an early morning flight to avoid turbulence and fog.
  • If prone to motion sickness, take medication beforehand.
• Huacachina:
  • Stay until sunset: the dunes turn golden.
  • Try sandboarding lying down for more stability.
• Vineyards:
  • Visit wineries in the morning to avoid heat and enjoy tastings in peace.

Eco-responsibility

• Protecting ecosystems:
  • Do not leave any trash in the desert or near the oasis.
  • Use biodegradable sunscreen to preserve Huacachina lagoon.
• Supporting locals:
  • Buy crafts directly from producers (cooperative markets).

Emergencies

• Important numbers:
  • Tourist police: ☎ +51 956 231 456 (Paracas).
  • Regional Hospital of Ica: Av. Ayabaca s/n.
• Embassies: Keep your embassy's contact information in Lima.

In Short

Ica is best explored with preparation and curiosity. Anticipate the challenges of the desert, respect local traditions, and let the spirit of adventure guide you. Have a great trip!

Ica, located in the heart of the Peruvian desert, offers an immersion into arid landscapes, archaeological heritage, and winemaking traditions. Between exploring the Nazca lines, the dunes of Huacachina, and tasting pisco, the region invites you to discover a lesser-known side of Peru's southern coast. Its history, marked by the Paracas and Nazca civilizations, intertwines with a vibrant culture where desert and oasis coexist. A trip to Ica requires careful preparation for the climate and respect for the environment to fully appreciate its essence without disrupting its fragile balance.