Complete Guide to the Canyons of Peru
Hiking and Adventures

🌟 The Most Beautiful and Popular Canyons

Description: The Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world, reaching a maximum depth of 4,160 meters. Located in the Andes mountain range, it is famous for its spectacular landscapes, traditional villages, and above all, for being one of the best places in the world to observe the majestic Andean condor.

Location: Arequipa Region, about 160 km northwest of the city of Arequipa.

Fauna & Flora: The **Andean condor** is the main attraction, most often seen at sunrise or sunset. You can also find vicuñas, alpacas, and llamas. The flora is typical of the altiplano, with cacti and plants adapted to high altitude.
Villages: The Colca Valley is home to many picturesque villages such as Chivay, Yanque, and Cabanaconde, known for their colonial churches and pre-Inca agricultural terraces.

Altitude: The bottom of the canyon is about 2,000 meters, while the **Cruz del Cóndor** viewpoint is at 3,700 meters.
Best Season: From May to November (dry season), for clear skies and better condor watching.
Access: Organized bus tours from Arequipa, lasting 1 to 3 days. It is also possible to go independently by public bus and do a trek.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Acclimatization to altitude is essential to avoid altitude sickness.
• Bring warm clothing, as nights are very cold.
• Take care of your health: water and coca tea help with altitude.

🌐 Detailed Page: Link to the full page

Description: The Canyon of the Lost is a hidden natural wonder, located in the heart of the Ica desert. This unique site, carved by the flow of the Seco de Ocucaje River over thousands of years, is an off-the-beaten-path escape for geology enthusiasts and adventurers.

Location: Ica Region, about 90 km south of the city of Ica.

Characteristics: Its clay and earth walls, sculpted by erosion, reach a depth of 150 meters. The canyon forms a labyrinth of rock formations stretching over more than 2 km.
Fauna & Flora: Black vultures, lizards, and snakes. Sparse vegetation.

Altitude: From 450 to 600 meters above sea level.
Best Season: All year round, except the rainy season (January to March).
Access: Organized 4x4 excursion with a local guide.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Never go alone.
• Bring plenty of water (minimum 2L per person) and sun protection.
• Wear closed hiking shoes.

Description: Chonta Canyon is a spectacular canyon carved by the Apurímac River. It is especially famous as a natural sanctuary for Andean condors. Unlike Colca, it is less crowded and offers a more intimate experience to observe these majestic birds in their natural habitat.

Location: Cusco region, in the province of Anta, near Limatambo. About 80 km from the city of Cusco.

Flora & Fauna: The Andean condor is the undisputed star of this site. Small hiking trails through a mountain forest also allow visitors to spot other birds and typical regional vegetation, rich in orchids and bromeliads.
Highlight: Chonta is one of the few places in Peru where condors return to sleep every evening, offering a unique flight spectacle at sunset and sunrise.

Altitude: The main viewpoint (Mirador de Chonta) is located at 3,400 meters above sea level.
Best time to visit: All year round, but visibility is best during the dry season (May to October). Observations are more reliable in the morning (5 am–7 am) and late afternoon (4 pm–6 pm).
Access: Full-day excursion from Cusco. The road requires a 4x4 vehicle or a local agency. About a 1-hour hike is needed to reach the viewpoint from the parking area.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Bring warm clothes and water, even if the excursion is short.
• Arrive well before sunset for the best view of the condors.
• The hiking trail is well-marked, but stay on the path.

🌐 Detailed page: Link to the full page

Description: Cotahuasi Canyon is considered the deepest canyon on the planet, with a depth of 3,535 meters measured from its highest point. Less known than its neighbor, Colca, it offers a wilder and less touristy landscape, ideal for adventure and ecotourism.

Location: Arequipa region, La Unión province, about 375 km northwest of the city of Arequipa. The village of Cotahuasi is the main access point.

Flora & Fauna: The fauna is similar to that of other Andean canyons, with condors, eagles, and raptors. The flora is richer, with giant cacti and abundant vegetation in the canyon’s temperate zones.
Villages & History: The region is home to several Andean communities that have preserved their ancestral traditions. Pre-Inca archaeological sites and vast agricultural terraces can also be found here.

Altitude: The bottom of the canyon lies at 1,000 meters above sea level, while the village of Cotahuasi is at 2,683 meters. Viewpoints reach over 4,000 meters.
Best time to visit: From May to November (dry season). Access can be difficult during the rainy season (December to April).
Access: The trip from Arequipa by bus takes about 12 hours. The access road is long and winding. It is recommended to plan several days on-site to fully enjoy the area.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Acclimatization to altitude is essential before starting treks.
• Phone network coverage is very limited. Be prepared for a total disconnection.
• Hire a local guide for the more remote treks.

🌐 Detailed page: Link to the full page

Description: Sonche Canyon is a spectacular geological formation, located just a few kilometers from Chachapoyas. Unlike the arid Andean canyons, Sonche is characterized by its intense greenery and waterfalls, creating a unique microclimate in the region. It is a perfect destination for a half-day excursion.

Location: Amazonas region, about 15 km north of the city of Chachapoyas.

Flora & Fauna: The canyon is home to a diverse local fauna such as birds and mammals, along with lush vegetation. Trees, ferns, and orchids grow along the cliffs and riverbed.
Highlight: Nearby are the **“Gocta Waterfall”** and the archaeological site of **“Kuélap”**, making it easy to combine the canyon visit with other major attractions in the region.

Altitude: The altitude ranges from 2,620 to 2,700 meters at the viewpoint.
Best time to visit: From May to October (dry season), for easier trails and clearer views. During the rainy season, the ground can be slippery but the canyon becomes even greener and the waterfalls more abundant.
Access: Very easy. A 30-minute ride by taxi or “mototaxi” from Chachapoyas, followed by a short 10–15 minute walk to the main viewpoint.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Trails can be slippery, wear good walking shoes.
• Even for a short trip, carry a bottle of water and sun protection.
• The site is well maintained, follow the signs to avoid damaging the flora.

🌐 Detailed page: Link to the full page

Description: Cañón del Pato is an impressive rocky gorge, carved by the Santa River where it flows between the Cordillera Blanca and the Cordillera Negra. Its fame comes from the road that crosses it, known for its 35 tunnels dug directly into the rock and its narrow passages.

Location: Ancash region, in the Huaylas corridor. About 22 km from Caraz, between Huallanca and Pato.

Flora & Fauna: Vegetation is dense in the humid areas, contrasting with the steep cliffs of the canyon. Local wildlife can be spotted, but the main attraction remains the geological beauty and the spectacular nature of the road.
Highlight: The road through this canyon is part of the famous **Ruta del Cañón del Pato**, an unpaved route considered one of the most dangerous and impressive in the world due to its narrow width and lack of guardrails.

Altitude: The altitude ranges from 1,800 to 2,100 meters.
Best time to visit: Year-round, but beware of landslides during the rainy season (December to April). The dry season (May to November) is safer.
Access: Usually by bus or with a four-wheel-drive vehicle. It is a must-pass to travel from Caraz to Chimbote, or for cyclists and motorcyclists seeking adventure.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Caution is essential. The tunnels are dark, and it is recommended to honk before entering.
• Check the road conditions, especially during the rainy season.
• A walking visit is possible, but stay on the roadside and be very careful.

Description: The Cañón del Apurímac is one of the deepest in Peru, rivaling the Colca Canyon. Carved by the mighty Apurímac River, it is characterized by its dizzying cliffs, wild nature, and the beauty of its trekking trails. It is a prime destination for trekking and white-water rafting.

Location: Cusco and Apurímac regions. It is often a mandatory passage for treks leading to Choquequirao or for rafting tours organized from Cusco.

Fauna & Flora: The fauna is rich, including condors, pumas, and Andean bears (very rare). Flora varies with altitude, from high plateau vegetation to more temperate microclimates at the canyon bottom.
Particularity: The canyon is part of the itinerary of several emblematic treks, such as the Choquequirao trek. The descent into the canyon is a memorable physical experience.

Altitude: The bottom of the canyon is about 1,400 meters above sea level, while the canyon walls reach up to 5,000 meters.
Best time to visit: From May to October (dry season), for optimal trekking and rafting conditions.
Access: Excursions are usually arranged through specialized agencies, which provide the necessary equipment and guides. The canyon is not easily accessible outside of organized tours.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Never venture out alone. Always hire a professional guide for treks and rafting descents.
• Be prepared for significant temperature variations between the canyon bottom and the summits.

🗺️ The lesser-known canyons

Description: Shucto Canyon is a "slot canyon," meaning an extremely narrow and deep gorge carved by water over millennia. It is characterized by its smooth walls and riverbed, creating a mysterious and impressive environment. It’s a small geological adventure in itself.

Location: Junín region, near the city of La Oroya, on the road leading to Jauja.

Flora & Fauna: The vegetation is typical of high-altitude areas, with grasses and shrubs. The site’s main attraction lies in its mineral landscape rather than its fauna, although some small animals can be spotted.
Highlight: Hiking takes place along the bottom of the canyon, walking on rocks. Sunlight only reaches certain spots, creating a unique, cool atmosphere.

Altitude: The canyon is located at about 3,800 meters above sea level.
Best time to visit: From May to October (dry season), when water levels are low, and the ground is not slippery. The canyon is impassable and dangerous during the rainy season.
Access: Very easy by taxi from La Oroya. A short drive is followed by a 15-minute walk to reach the canyon entrance. It makes for a great half-day excursion.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Always check the weather before departure to avoid flash floods.
• Wear non-slip shoes, as the rocks can be slippery.
• It is possible to visit without a guide, but caution is advised.

Description: Tres Cañones is a site of dramatic beauty where three massive canyons converge. It marks the confluence of the Apurímac, Salcca, and Cerritambo rivers, which have carved imposing gorges into a volcanic landscape. The region is also famous for its unique forest of puya raimondii, rare giant plants that can grow up to 15 meters tall.

Location: Cusco region, Espinar province, about 5 hours by road from the city of Cusco.

Flora & Fauna: In addition to the fascinating puya raimondii, the landscape is home to high-altitude wildlife such as alpacas, llamas, viscachas, and various bird species. The flora is typical of the Andean high plains.
Highlight: The site is a true geological masterpiece, offering spectacular views from the viewpoints overlooking the confluence. It is also considered a sacred place by local communities, who see it as an energetic site.

Altitude: The site is located at a high altitude, around 3,900 meters above sea level.
Best time to visit: From May to October (dry season), when road and hiking conditions are safer.
Access: Usually via a 4x4 organized tour from Cusco. Access can be difficult and time-consuming, making it an adventure that requires patience.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Altitude acclimatization is essential due to the high elevation.
• Bring warm clothing and sun protection, as the climate can be extreme.
• It is highly recommended to hire a local guide or go through an agency.

Description: The Pongo de Mainique is a narrow and spectacular "pongo" (gorge), carved by the Urubamba River. Its steep cliffs, covered with dense tropical vegetation, shelter an incredibly rich fauna and flora. The Pongo is a natural boundary and a corridor for the river as it flows from the mountains into the Amazonian plains.

Location: Cusco region, in the province of La Convención. Access is via the village of Sepahua, which can be reached by plane or boat.

Fauna & Flora: The site is a paradise for birdwatchers and nature lovers, with more than 300 bird species recorded. Monkeys, colorful butterflies, and abundant flora can also be observed. The boat ride allows visitors to see numerous waterfalls plunging directly into the river.
Special Feature: Considered a sacred site by indigenous communities, the Pongo is a place of legend and rituals. Its 11 natural gates, carved into the rock, add to the mystery of the place.

Altitude: The altitude is about 450 meters, placing it in a humid tropical rainforest climate.
Best Time to Visit: Recommended during the dry season (April to November), when the water level is lower, making navigation easier and the site safer.
Access: The Pongo is a remote location usually visited on organized excursions, typically by motorboat from Sepahua.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Hire an experienced local guide, as the area can be dangerous without knowledge of the terrain and river.
• Bring lightweight waterproof clothing and insect repellent.
• Respect nature and local communities.

Description: The Cañón del Tambo, also known as **Cañón de Chojata**, is a deep and spectacular canyon carved by the Tambo River. Its formation is the result of a cataclysm followed by continuous erosion from the river. Its topography is complex, with steep walls and a depth of more than one kilometer, narrowing at some points to as little as 50 cm. It offers breathtaking views and the tranquility of a little-visited site.

Location: Moquegua region, west of the Chojata valley. It is located on the border between the districts of Chojata and Ubinas.

Fauna & Flora: Local wildlife is varied: deer, foxes, skunks, and birds such as the condor can be spotted. The flora is colorful and typical of the highlands, with plants such as guarango, molle, carrizo, and several varieties of cacti.

Altitude: The canyon is located in the Suni natural region (high plateaus), with cold and temperate altitude climate. The bottom of the canyon is around 1,500 meters.
Best Time to Visit: From May to October (dry season), when hiking conditions are more favorable.
Access: The canyon can be reached from the district of Chojata after a hike of about 3 hours to Chijulaqui.

Safety & Recommendations:

• The hike is demanding, be prepared for steep trails.
• Bring enough water and food, as there are no services on site.
• Always inform someone of your itinerary before leaving.

Description: The Cañón de Ananiso is an impressive canyon 3 kilometers long and 150 meters deep, carved by the Ananiso River. It is a natural wonder that bears witness to millions of years of erosion, offering spectacular landscapes and a view of the Ausangate glacier.

Location: Cusco Region, Canchis province, Pitumarca district. It is located on the same road as the famous Cañón de Vinicunca (Rainbow Mountain), about a 3-hour drive from Cusco.

Fauna & Flora: The canyon is a refuge for a wide variety of fauna, including llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, vizcachas, etc. Medicinal plants can also be found there.
Special Feature: The canyon is home to natural viewpoints, hiking trails, and caves containing ancient rock paintings, offering an authentic encounter with local nature and culture.

Altitude: The site is located at 4,200 meters above sea level.
Activities: Hiking (trekking), bird watching, rock climbing, photography, and research studies.
Access: Organized excursions from the city of Cusco. It is recommended to allow time for acclimatization due to the high altitude.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Have a moderate physical condition and wear warm clothing, as well as comfortable trekking shoes.
• Don't forget a hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses, as the sun and wind are strong at this altitude.
• Respect the environment, avoid leaving trash, and respect the local communities.

🏞️ Not really canyons, but similar to them

Description: The Boquerón del Padre Abad is an impressive, narrow, and deep gorge carved by the Aguaytía River. It is considered the gateway to the Peruvian jungle from the Andes. Its uniqueness lies in the spectacular road winding between its vertical walls, where numerous waterfalls cascade down from above.

Location: Ucayali region, about 20 km from the city of Aguaytía, on the road leading to Pucallpa.

Flora & Fauna: The landscape is dominated by lush tropical vegetation with constant humidity. Wildlife is abundant, with a wide variety of birds, insects, and other jungle animals.
Particularity: The sight of the waterfalls ("Velo de la Novia" and "Manto de la Novia") falling directly onto the road is the site’s main attraction. The road is an engineering feat and offers incredible views.

Altitude: The area’s altitude is about 460 meters, marking the transition between the highlands and the jungle.
Best time to visit: All year round. The waterfalls are more abundant during the rainy season (December to March), but the road can be more slippery.
Access: The site is accessible by car or bus, as the main road runs through the gorge. Shared taxis and tours can be arranged from Tingo María or Pucallpa.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Be cautious if driving, as the road is narrow and fog is common.
• Wear waterproof clothing if you plan to get close to the waterfalls.
• Keep your distance from the roadside edges, as rockfalls are possible.

Description: Pichiluli Natural Park is a small natural area that protects a geological formation similar to a canyon, carved by a river. It is not a large-scale canyon, but rather a gorge about 15 meters deep, accessible via an easy trail. The park is appreciated for its tranquility and green landscapes.

Location: Amazonas region, located 20 minutes by car from Chachapoyas, on the way to the Kuélap fortress.

Flora & Fauna: The park hosts lush vegetation, typical of the cloud forest, and is home to many bird and insect species.
Highlight: The site is ideal for a short walk and a relaxing moment. It can be visited in 1 to 2 hours and is often a stopover for travelers heading to Kuélap or Gocta Waterfall.

Altitude: Around 2,300 meters.
Best time to visit: From May to October (dry season), for more accessible trails and pleasant weather conditions.
Access: Very easy. A short taxi ride from Chachapoyas, followed by a short walk on a well-maintained trail.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Trails can be slippery after rain, wear good shoes.
• Respect nature: do not leave any litter behind.

🌐 Detailed information:

Description: Tinajani is a national park of breathtaking beauty, characterized by immense rock formations sculpted by erosion over millions of years. The site resembles a "stone city" with monoliths, arches, and narrow canyons, creating an otherworldly landscape.

Location: Puno region, near the town of Ayaviri, about 3 hours by car from the city of Puno.

Flora & Fauna: The landscape is mainly mineral. Typical altiplano wildlife can be observed here, such as alpacas and llamas. Vegetation is sparse, but some grasses and plants adapted to high altitude can be found.
Highlight: The name "Tinajani" means "place of basins," referring to the large natural pools carved into the rock by water.

Altitude: The park is located at a very high altitude, around 3,953 meters.
Best time to visit: From May to October (dry season), for easier road and visiting conditions. Weather can be very cold and windy.
Access: Generally by organized excursion or private vehicle from Puno or Ayaviri. Roads are in good condition, but access requires a suitable vehicle.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Acclimatization to altitude is essential before visiting.
• Bring very warm clothing and sun protection due to the high altitude.
• Stay on marked trails to avoid getting lost in this labyrinthine landscape.

🌐 Detailed information:

Description: The Cañón de Autisha is a gorge carved by the Santa Eulalia River. Although it is indeed a canyon, it is best known as a one-of-a-kind adventure circuit. Visitors can practice canyoning, caving, and rappelling in a dark, humid environment, passing through a tunnel drilled for a former hydroelectric plant.

Location: Lima region, Huarochirí province. It is about 3 to 4 hours by road from the city of Lima.

Flora & Fauna: The canyon is an arid area, but the presence of the river allows for limited plant life. The site’s main interest lies in its geology and adventure activities.
Highlight: The experience includes hiking through the canyon, exploring the often-flooded "Ananiso" tunnel, and rappelling down to the bottom of the gorge.

Altitude: The altitude ranges from 2,500 to 2,800 meters.
Best time to visit: From April to November (dry season), when water levels are lower, making tunnel exploration safer.
Access: Organized group tours from Lima. It is strongly discouraged to go alone or without a specialized agency, as the route is technical and potentially dangerous.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Always use the services of a reliable agency that provides the necessary equipment (helmet, harness, wetsuit).
• Bring a change of clothes as you will get wet.
• The site is very busy on weekends, so weekdays are recommended for a quieter experience.

🌐 Detailed information:

Description: The Patahuasi Stone Forest (or Bosque de Piedras) is a natural site where volcanic rocks have been sculpted by wind and rain, creating a surreal landscape of extravagant shapes and strange figures. It is a must-stop for tours heading to the Colca Canyon, offering a fascinating glimpse of Andean geology.

Location: Arequipa region, about 90 km from the city of Arequipa. The site is located on the main road leading to the Colca Canyon.

Flora & Fauna: The area is of raw mineral beauty. Vicuñas, alpacas, and llamas are often seen here. Flora is scarce but adapted to the highland climate.
Highlight: The most famous rock is a natural formation that resembles a human face in profile, sometimes called the "Inca’s Head" or "Puma’s Head."

Altitude: The site is located at high altitude, around 4,000 meters.
Best time to visit: From May to November (dry season). This is the best time to enjoy clear views.
Access: Very easy. Most Colca tours make a quick photo stop here. It is also possible to visit with a private vehicle.

Safety & Recommendations:

• Be prepared for the altitude. Walking is easy but the lack of oxygen may be felt.
• The site is very windy and cold, even under the sun. Bring a jacket.

🌐 Detailed page: Link to the full page

Description: The Cañón de Infiernillo is a narrow gorge carved by the Rímac River. It is famous for its role on the Central Railway of the Andes, where the train passes through a series of tunnels to cross this spectacular gorge. It offers a fleeting but memorable glimpse of the power of nature and human engineering.

Location: Lima Region, halfway between Lima and La Oroya, on the Ferrocarril Central line.

Fauna & Flora: The landscape is arid and rocky, typical of the surrounding high mountains. The main interest of the site lies in its history and geological character.
Feature: The canyon's name, "Little Hell," refers to the darkness, narrowness, and dramatic atmosphere of the passage. The train crosses a tunnel dug into the rock at 3,320 meters above the river.

Altitude: The highest point of the canyon is 3,320 meters.
Best time to visit: All year round. Visibility conditions depend on the train journey.
Access: Only by taking the "Ferrocarril Central Andino" train that connects Lima to Huancayo (or La Oroya). It is a passage point on the route, not a hiking destination.

Safety & Recommendations:

• The site is part of the train experience. It cannot be visited on foot.