Machu Picchu
Practical Info to Visit the Inca Citadel

Machu Picchu: A Wonder of the World

Machu Picchu, one of the world’s most iconic wonders, is nestled in the heart of the Peruvian Andes. This mysterious Inca citadel draws thousands of travelers each year, eager to explore its fascinating history and admire its architectural beauty.

🌟 Discover Machu Picchu:

History & Culture

Inca history

Inca architecture

World Heritage

Natural Landscapes

Andean mountains

Surrounding valleys

Breathtaking viewpoints

Visit & Exploration

Guided tours

Hiking

Wildlife and flora discovery

✈️ A Well-Planned Trip

  • Ticket reservations
  • Tour guide
  • Hiking gear

🌟 The Ultimate Experience

Machu Picchu is a unique experience that blends history, culture, and nature. It's essential to take your time to fully appreciate the beauty and significance of this exceptional site.

"Machu Picchu, a world wonder that captures hearts and minds."

I. Presentation of Machu Picchu

Introduction

Machu Picchu, often called the "Lost City of the Incas," is one of the most iconic and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. Nestled at over 2,430 meters above sea level in the Peruvian Andes mountains, this Inca jewel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Built in the 15th century during the reign of Emperor Pachacutec, Machu Picchu is a remarkable testament to the ingenuity and spirituality of the Inca civilization. Today, it attracts millions of visitors each year, captivated by its history, architecture, and breathtaking landscapes.

Main Features

Location

Machu Picchu is located in the Cusco region of Peru, on a rocky promontory between the Huayna Picchu and Machu Picchu mountains. It overlooks the Urubamba Valley, offering spectacular views of the surrounding landscapes.

Altitude

At 2,430 meters above sea level, the site is surrounded by lush nature and imposing peaks.

Dimensions

The architectural core of Machu Picchu extends approximately 530 meters in length and 200 meters in width, with 172 buildings divided into urban, agricultural, and religious zones. Perched at 2,438 meters above sea level, the site overlooks the Urubamba Valley by more than 450 meters.

What Makes It Unique

Machu Picchu is famous for its perfectly fitted stone architecture without mortar, ingenious agricultural terraces, and harmonious integration with the natural landscape.

Cultural and Natural Importance

Role in the Inca Empire

Machu Picchu is believed to have served as a royal residence, a religious center, and a retreat for the Inca elite. Its strategic location and sophisticated architecture reflect its political and spiritual significance.

Spiritual Significance

The Incas considered Machu Picchu a sacred place, in harmony with the forces of nature. Structures like the Temple of the Sun and the Intihuatana were used for rituals dedicated to Inca deities, particularly Inti (the Sun God).

Surrounding Biodiversity

The site is surrounded by a cloud forest rich in biodiversity, home to endemic species of plants, birds, and animals. This combination of cultural and natural heritage makes Machu Picchu a unique place in the world.

II. History and Discovery of Machu Picchu

Origins and Construction

Machu Picchu was built in the 15th century during the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacutec, one of the greatest leaders of the Inca Empire. This impressive site was constructed at the height of the Inca civilization, between 1450 and 1470, and showcases their exceptional mastery of architecture and engineering. The Incas used advanced construction techniques, such as perfectly fitting stones without mortar, to create earthquake-resistant structures. The materials, primarily local granite, were transported and carved with remarkable precision, reflecting their devotion to perfection and harmony with nature.

Rediscovery by Hiram Bingham

Although local communities had always known of Machu Picchu's existence, it was the American explorer Hiram Bingham who brought the site to the world's attention in 1911. In search of the lost city of Vilcabamba, the last refuge of the Incas against the Spanish conquistadors, Bingham was guided by locals to Machu Picchu. Beneath the dense vegetation, he discovered an archaeological site of immense richness. Through his expeditions and publications, Machu Picchu quickly became a global icon, attracting the attention of archaeologists and travelers worldwide.

Theories About Its Function

  • Royal Citadel: Some believe Machu Picchu was a summer residence for Emperor Pachacutec and his court, offering a peaceful retreat away from Cusco.
  • Religious Center: Other theories suggest the site was a place of worship dedicated to Inca deities, particularly Inti (the Sun God). Structures like the Temple of the Sun and the Intihuatana (a sacred stone used for astronomical rituals) support this idea.
  • Astronomical Observatory: Machu Picchu may have also served as a center for observing stars and solar cycles, helping the Incas organize their agricultural and religious calendar.
  • Strategic Site: Its isolated location and natural defenses may have made it a refuge or a surveillance post.

III. Visiting Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, an Inca jewel nestled in the heart of the Andes, is discovered through its iconic zones and mysterious trails. Here are the must-sees for an exploration rich in history and emotions:

Key Areas to Explore

1. The Main Square

The beating heart of the city, this vast esplanade was the stage for religious ceremonies and social gatherings. Surrounded by temples and administrative buildings, it symbolizes the connection between the sacred and the everyday.

2. The Temple of the Sun

A sacred structure dedicated to Inti, the Sun God, this semi-circular temple is an engineering masterpiece. Its perfect orientation captures the first rays of the sun during the winter solstice, illuminating a granite altar stone. Don’t miss the trapezoidal window aligned with the constellations.

3. The Temple of the Three Windows

A mystical symbol of the three Inca worlds (Hanan Pacha: the upper world, Kay Pacha: the earthly world, Uku Pacha: the underworld), this temple offers a window into Andean cosmology. Its massive polished stone blocks showcase extraordinary architectural mastery.

4. The Intihuatana

This sacred stone, literally meaning "the place where the sun is tied," served as an astronomical calendar and ritual instrument. The Incas celebrated the balance between Earth and the cosmos here. Its mysterious energy makes it a fascinating stop.

5. The Residential Quarter

An area dedicated to the elite and artisans, these stone houses with thatched roofs reveal the refined daily life of the Inca nobility. Observe the wall niches, used to place ritual objects or oil lamps.

Annex Trails

For curious explorers, less frequented paths extend the magic of the site:

  • The Inca Bridge: A vertiginous trail carved into the cliff, offering spectacular views of the valley. This strategic passage, designed to control access to the citadel, is a military engineering feat (limited access, bring appropriate footwear).
  • The Temple of the Moon: Nestled in the caves of Huayna Picchu, this sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Quilla (Moon) houses carved altars and ceremonial niches. The hike, demanding but rewarding with a mystical atmosphere, requires a specific ticket.

Practical Tip

Opt for an early morning visit to avoid the crowds and admire the sunrise over the ruins, a moment when Machu Picchu reveals its full magic.

IV. Practical Information

1. Access and Reservations

Tickets

Tickets are primarily obtained online via the official website of the Peruvian Ministry of Culture. If available, limited sales are possible in Aguas Calientes, but advance purchase is strongly recommended to guarantee your visit.

Types of Tickets

  • Machu Picchu Only: Access to the citadel (starting at 152 soles for foreign adults, ~40 €).
  • Machu Picchu + Montaña or Huayna Picchu: Includes the ascent of these mythical peaks (starting at 200 soles, ~50 €).

Daily Quotas

Limited to 2,500 visitors per day for the citadel, and 400 visitors per day for Huayna Picchu (2 time slots: 7h-8h and 10h-11h).

Tip: Book 3 to 6 months in advance for the high season (June to August). Huayna Picchu tickets sell out quickly!

2. Opening Hours

Open from 6:00 AM to 5:30 PM, every day.

  • Morning (6h-12h): Ideal to avoid crowds and admire the sunrise (plan for a very early departure from Aguas Calientes).
  • Afternoon (12h-17h30): Less crowded, but stronger light (perfect for backlit photos).

3. Rules and Restrictions

To preserve this UNESCO heritage site, strict rules apply:

Prohibitions

  • Eating on the site (except for small snacks in your backpack).
  • Sleeping or lying on the stones.
  • Leaving marked trails.
  • Using drones or tripods (without authorization).

Waste Management

No trash bins on-site: take your waste with you.

Other

  • Guides are mandatory (in groups or individually) for international visitors since 2019.
  • No toilets inside the site (available at the entrance).

4. How to Get There

Several options are available, depending on your budget and time:

From Cusco

  • By Train: Companies PeruRail or Inca Rail to Aguas Calientes (3h30 journey, stunning landscapes along the Urubamba River).
  • By Bus: Take a colectivo to Ollantaytambo (2h), then a train to Aguas Calientes.

From Aguas Calientes

  • By Bus: Shuttle buses (30 min) to the entrance of Machu Picchu (24$ round trip).
  • On Foot: A 1h30 hike via the Inca Trail (free, steep stairs).

Hiking

  • The Inca Trail: A 4-day trek (permit required, book 6 months in advance).
  • The Salkantay Trek: A cheaper and equally spectacular alternative (5 days, no strict quota).

V. Where to Eat and Dine

Machu Picchu is a protected site where eating is strictly prohibited to preserve its integrity. Here’s how to organize your meals and snacks for a hassle-free visit:

1. Key Information

Prohibition of Eating on the Site

For conservation reasons, picnicking or consuming meals within the Machu Picchu site is prohibited.

Allowed Snacks

You can bring small snacks (energy bars, dried fruits, etc.) in your backpack, but avoid generating waste.

2. Options in Aguas Calientes

The village of Aguas Calientes, located at the foot of Machu Picchu, offers a variety of dining options before or after your visit:

Restaurants

Many establishments offer a variety of cuisines, ranging from traditional Peruvian dishes to international options. You’ll find buffets, à la carte menus, and budget-friendly meals.

Cafés and Snacks

Cafés and bakeries allow for a quick breakfast or a gourmet break. Local stalls also offer convenient snacks to take away.

3. Tips for Visitors

Bring Snacks Before Entry

Pack light and nutritious foods (nuts, cereal bars, dried fruits) to maintain your energy during the visit.

Hydration

  • A reusable water bottle is essential (refilling is possible in Aguas Calientes or at the site entrance).
  • Avoid sugary or carbonated drinks, as they can be difficult to carry.

Meal Planning

  • Breakfast: Have a hearty meal in Aguas Calientes before heading to the site.
  • Lunch: Enjoy the village restaurants after your visit.

Tip

If you plan an early morning visit, some hotels in Aguas Calientes offer packed meals to go (reserve the day before).

VI. Where to Stay

Since Machu Picchu is a protected site, sleeping there is strictly prohibited. Here are accommodation options to organize your stay based on your preferences and budget:

1. Key Information

Prohibition of Sleeping on the Site

To preserve this World Heritage Site, no form of camping or overnight stay is allowed within Machu Picchu.

Planning

Book your accommodation in advance, especially during the high season (June to August).

2. Options in Aguas Calientes

The village of Aguas Calientes, located at the foot of Machu Picchu, is the most convenient option for visitors. It offers a wide range of accommodations:

Hotels and Lodges

Establishments of various categories (budget, mid-range, and luxury) offer comfortable rooms, often with views of the mountains or river. Some include amenities like spas or on-site restaurants.

Hostels and Budget Accommodations

Perfect for budget travelers, these options provide simple and functional rooms, often close to shops and transportation.

3. Options in Cusco or Ollantaytambo

For those who prefer to stay farther away and enjoy a different atmosphere, two towns offer interesting solutions:

Cusco

The former capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco offers a wide variety of accommodations, from cozy hostels to luxury hotels. It’s an ideal option to explore the region’s rich history before or after your visit to Machu Picchu.

Ollantaytambo

This charming village in the Sacred Valley is a closer alternative. It offers authentic accommodations, often in traditional stone buildings, and provides easy access to the train to Aguas Calientes.

Tips for Choosing

  • Proximity: If you plan an early morning visit, staying in Aguas Calientes is the best option.
  • Budget: Accommodations in Cusco and Ollantaytambo are often more affordable than in Aguas Calientes.
  • Experience: For cultural immersion, choose Cusco or Ollantaytambo. For convenience, opt for Aguas Calientes.

Tip

Book your accommodation several months in advance, especially if you’re traveling during the high season or want a specific establishment.

VII. Tips and Local Recommendations

To fully enjoy your visit to Machu Picchu, here are practical tips and local recommendations to prepare well and respect this exceptional site:

1. Physical and Mental Preparation

Altitude Management

Machu Picchu is located at 2,438 meters above sea level, and Cusco (the common starting point) at 3,400 meters. To avoid altitude sickness (soroche):

  • Take 1 to 2 days to acclimate in Cusco or the Sacred Valley before visiting the site.
  • Stay well-hydrated and avoid intense efforts during the first days.
  • Consult a doctor if necessary for altitude medication.

Physical Condition

The visit involves walking, stairs, and elevation changes. Prepare yourself with light hikes before your trip.

2. Respect for the Environment

Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. To preserve it:

  • Do not leave any waste: Take your trash with you (no trash bins are available on-site).
  • Respect the trails: Do not leave marked paths to avoid erosion and protect the ruins.
  • Avoid touching the stones: Natural oils from your skin can damage ancient structures.

3. Recommended Equipment

For a comfortable and safe visit, bring:

Clothing

  • Light, breathable layers (temperatures can change quickly).
  • A raincoat or waterproof jacket (especially during the rainy season).

Footwear

  • Hiking or walking shoes with good grip (trails can be slippery).

Accessories

  • A hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen (the Andean sun is intense).
  • A reusable water bottle (refilling is possible at the entrance).
  • A small backpack to carry your belongings (limited to 5 kg per person).

4. Best Time to Visit

Dry Season (April to October)

  • Advantages: Sunny weather, dry trails, maximum visibility.
  • Disadvantages: High crowds (especially June-August), reservations required in advance.

Rainy Season (November to March)

  • Advantages: Fewer crowds, lush green landscapes.
  • Disadvantages: Frequent rain, slippery trails, risk of fog.

Recommended Times

  • Early Morning (6h-9h): Fewer people, ideal light for photos.
  • Afternoon (12h-15h): Less crowded, but stronger light.

Additional Tips

  • Local Guide: Hire a certified guide to enrich your visit with historical and cultural explanations.
  • Combined Tickets: If you plan to visit other sites (like Huayna Picchu or Montaña), book in advance.
  • Photography: Take advantage of iconic viewpoints (like the Guardian’s House or the Inca Bridge) for memorable shots.

Tip

If you travel during the rainy season, bring waterproof protection for your electronic devices and belongings.

VIII. Additional Hiking Options

Machu Picchu is surrounded by spectacular trails that allow you to explore the region while enjoying breathtaking landscapes. Here are the main options for hiking enthusiasts:

1. The Inca Trail

Description

The classic 4-day trek is one of the most famous hikes in the world. It follows an ancient Inca trail, crossing varied landscapes (forests, mountains, ruins) before arriving at Machu Picchu through the Sun Gate (Inti Punku).

Highlights

  • Discovery of secondary archaeological sites.
  • Breathtaking panoramas of the Andes.
  • Immersive experience in history and nature.

Difficulty

Moderate to high (requires good physical condition).

Reservation

Mandatory, with a limited quota (reservation recommended 6 to 12 months in advance).

2. The Short Inca Trail

Description

A shorter 2-day version for those with less time. This trek combines a day of hiking with an overnight stay, followed by an arrival at Machu Picchu at sunrise.

Highlights

  • Ideal for time-pressed travelers.
  • Access to iconic sections of the Inca Trail.

Difficulty

Moderate.

Reservation

Also subject to quotas (book several months in advance).

3. Machu Picchu Mountain

Description

A lesser-known but equally impressive alternative to Huayna Picchu. This 2 to 3-hour hike (round trip) offers panoramic views of the citadel and surrounding mountains.

Highlights

  • Less crowded than Huayna Picchu.
  • Well-maintained trail with varied landscapes.

Difficulty

Moderate (significant elevation gain but less steep than Huayna Picchu).

Reservation

Specific ticket required (included in some combined ticket options).

4. Other Trails

Inca Bridge

A short but vertiginous trail carved into the cliff. It offers a spectacular view of the valley and was once a strategic passage to control access to the citadel.

Temple of the Moon

Accessible via a hike from Huayna Picchu or an alternative trail, this temple hidden in a cave is dedicated to the Moon Goddess. It offers a mystical atmosphere and unique views.

Annex Trails

Other less frequented paths allow you to explore remote areas of the site, such as agricultural terraces or sacred water sources.

Tips for Hikers

Equipment

  • Sturdy hiking shoes.
  • Clothing suitable for temperature changes.
  • Water and energy snacks.

Acclimatization

Take time to acclimate to the altitude before starting a hike.

Respect the Rules

  • Stay on marked trails.
  • Do not leave any waste.
  • Respect access times (especially for Huayna Picchu and Machu Picchu Mountain).

Tip

If you plan to do an additional hike, check the weather conditions and book your tickets in advance, as quotas are limited.

IX. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. How much time is needed to visit Machu Picchu?

Standard Visit

Most visitors spend 2 to 4 hours exploring the main areas (Main Square, Temple of the Sun, Intihuatana, etc.).

In-Depth Visit

If you plan to climb Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain, add an extra 2 to 3 hours.

Tip

Plan for half a day to fully enjoy the site without rushing.

2. Is a guide required to visit the site?

Requirement

Since 2019, international visitors must be accompanied by a certified guide to enter the site. This can be a private guide or part of a group.

Advantages

A guide enriches your visit with historical, cultural, and architectural explanations.

Exception

Guides are not mandatory for additional hikes (like Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain), but they are still recommended.

3. Can I visit Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu on the same day?

Yes, it’s possible

Combined tickets for Machu Picchu + Huayna Picchu allow you to visit both sites on the same day.

Organization

  • First, visit Machu Picchu (about 2 hours).
  • Then, climb Huayna Picchu (2 hours round trip).

Attention

Time slots for Huayna Picchu are limited (7h-8h or 10h-11h), so plan your day accordingly.

4. What are the risks related to altitude?

Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

Headaches, nausea, shortness of breath, and fatigue. These symptoms can occur starting at 2,500 meters above sea level.

Prevention

  • Take 1 to 2 days to acclimate in Cusco or the Sacred Valley before visiting Machu Picchu.
  • Stay well-hydrated and avoid alcohol.
  • Consume foods rich in carbohydrates and iron.
  • If necessary, consult a doctor for altitude medication.

5. How to avoid crowds?

Recommended Times

  • Early Morning (6h-9h): Fewer people and ideal light for photos.
  • Afternoon (12h-15h): Organized groups are often gone.

Seasonality

Opt for the intermediate season (April-May or September-October) to avoid peak crowds.

Less Crowded Trails

Explore areas like the Inca Bridge or the Temple of the Moon to escape the crowds.

6. Other Frequently Asked Questions

Can I bring food?

No, eating on the site is prohibited. Only small snacks are allowed (energy bars, dried fruits).

Are there toilets on the site?

No, toilets are located at the entrance. Use them before starting your visit.

Can I visit Machu Picchu in one day from Cusco?

Yes, but this requires a very early start (around 4 AM) and a long day. Consider staying overnight in Aguas Calientes for more comfort.

Tip

For a quieter experience, avoid weekends and holidays, when crowds are larger.

X. Conclusion

Machu Picchu is much more than an archaeological site: it is a unique experience that blends history, nature, and spirituality. Perched at 2,438 meters above sea level, this Inca jewel offers breathtaking views, fascinating architectural structures, and an immersion into Andean culture. Whether you explore the Main Square, the Temple of the Sun, or additional trails like Huayna Picchu, every step brings you closer to the essence of this lost city.

To live this unforgettable adventure, prepare in advance:

  • Book your tickets several months in advance, especially if you plan to climb Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain.
  • Respect the rules of the site to preserve this World Heritage Site: do not leave the trails, do not leave any waste, and avoid touching ancient structures.
  • Fully enjoy every moment, taking the time to admire the landscapes, capture memories, and soak in the mystical energy of the place.

Machu Picchu is a magical place that deserves to be discovered with care and respect. By planning your visit in advance and following local recommendations, you will help preserve this treasure for future generations while living an unforgettable experience.

Peru Travel Guide 2025 - Tips by Peru Discovery